I thought it is the violence under the dualism manifestation, just like Christ, who does not sin but sined due to the dualism.
criminal was the hence the first judgement coming from the dualistic prior towards human mental deduction as the deduction prior to the hypothesis, hence it is necessary to observe the transcendence idealism to balance this topic into a existential concerned topic rather than judgemental topic, since the contractual and legal deduction though mind are not able to make the recognition as mental completion , that is the famous say, the judgement is not complete. T his is also the opinion from the transcendence idealism. hence the transition might be : why sexual harassment existed? what cause the sexual violence? under such theory, we are not giving definition when we failed to completely perceive the topics, since there is the limitation and transcendence beyond any hypothesis.
The debate about whether there is a philosophical base towards criminology is that whether the crime itself could be priori recognized with deduction or rational base, but yet lot of cases were set with phenomenal-ism or the psychological science towards the disobedience towards the reign, hence the reign is not only forceful yet contractual, hence it might have 2 powers dualistically drive one's soul into action, that is when the law forms the power, then it forms the sub customs, which drove the crime that might be not titled with de jure, but de facto.
Then as well as ancient criminology in historical development, prison and police much emphasized for the place as re-education set in ancient Egypt,did emphasize on the action based judgement system, which is different from the psychiatric point view. But nowadays we could see the difference between the police and prison are gradually lose those 'action to be judged' identity but blends with too much side psychiatric manner which should be imposed by institution , hospital and university, we will be not sure how to secure the prisoner on the manner of their actions by tradition judgement the prison and prison system used to do. in my opinion, there should be set a clear line.